基于自适应虚拟阻抗的多VSG并联系统振荡抑制策略

石 赞亮, 扎西 罗央, 李 哲源, 杨 学广, 次仁 平措
西藏农牧大学

摘要


随着以虚拟同步发电机（VSG）为代表的构网型技术在可再生能源并网中的应用日益增多，多VSG并联
系统的稳定性问题引起了广泛关注。虚拟阻抗技术被广泛用于改善并联系统的功率分配和抑制同步谐振，但其引入
的额外阻尼往往以牺牲系统暂态同步稳定性为代价，在小信号稳定与暂态稳定之间形成了固有矛盾。为解决此问
题，本文针对多VSG并联运行时因线路阻抗参数差异导致的低频功率振荡问题，提出了一种基于自适应虚拟阻抗
（Adaptive Virtual Impedance，AVI）的振荡抑制策略。该策略首先基于 坐标系下的瞬时功率理论，通过高通滤波器快
速、灵敏地提取系统的有功功率振荡分量；随后，设计了一种无需单元间通信的分布式自适应律，根据功率波动的
包络实时调节虚拟阻抗值，从而在振荡发生时动态地为系统注入正阻尼。在中搭建了含两台VSG的并联系统仿真模
型。通过暂态仿真、参数鲁棒性测试及小信号模型验证，证明了所提策略的有效性。结果表明，在负荷突增扰动下，
与固定参数控制相比，所提策略能将系统功率振荡的收敛时间缩短约65%，并将最大频率偏差降低约63%，有效解耦
了振荡抑制与暂态响应之间的性能冲突。

关键词


虚拟同步发电机（VSG）；多机并联；低频振荡；自适应虚拟阻抗；小信号分析；构网型控制

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