直肠癌的放射治疗进展

孙 溶溶
青海大学研究生院;青海大学附属医院放射肿瘤科

摘要


结直肠癌是最常见的胃肠道恶性癌症之一，是发病率和死亡率最高的癌症之一。其中，直肠癌约占结肠癌
的三分之一，我国直肠癌所占比例更高，约56%-70%。外科手术是直肠癌的主要治疗方式，对于局部进展期直肠癌，
推荐采用手术+放射治疗+化疗等综合治疗模式。放疗是放射治疗的简称，发展至今已有100多年的历史，与手术、
药物治疗一起构成肿瘤治疗的三大手段，放疗被誉为“隐形的手术刀”。在全直肠系膜切除（total mesorectal excision，
TME）手术时代，放射治疗在局部进展期直肠癌的治疗中仍起到至关重要的作用，术前放疗更是具有提高直肠癌R0
切除率、保留器官功能、提高局部控制率等优势。随着个体化精准化治疗的逐渐发展，直肠癌的放射治疗也逐渐趋
向于精细化和个体化。本文就近年来应用于直肠癌治疗的放疗技术及方式的进展加以综述。

关键词


直肠癌；精准放疗；放疗

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