三阴性乳腺癌治疗方向的前景与展望
摘要
和HER2的表达[1]。这一受体缺失使TNBC在分子和临床层面上显著区别于其他乳腺癌亚型。TNBC约占所有乳腺
癌病例的 10%-20%，在年轻女性和非洲裔人群中更为常见，可能与其特定的生物学特征、家族史以及BRCA1基因突
变等因素有关。BRCA1突变在TNBC中具有特别重要的作用，不仅增加了发病风险，还增强了肿瘤的侵袭性并导致
预后较差。
TNBC通常表现为高分级、高增殖性的肿瘤，Ki-67指数较高，这与较高的复发风险及远处转移频率密切相关，
尤其容易发生在肺部和脑部。尽管TNBC对化疗初期反应较好，其高复发率和低生存率突显出显著的治疗挑战。基
底样亚型是TNBC最常见的形式，与TNBC整体共享许多特征，增加了其诊断和治疗的复杂性[2]。
由于缺乏 ER、PR和HER2受体，TNBC对常规的激素治疗和HER2靶向治疗无效，因此化疗成为主要的治疗
选择。然而，单纯化疗往往效果有限，TNBC患者的五年生存率较其他乳腺癌亚型更低。为应对TNBC的生物学异
质性，近年来研究探索了基于分子分型的治疗方法，为BRCA1/2突变或基底样亚型的患者提供个性化的治疗方案。
TNBC的流行病学和临床特征突显了其在预后方面的独特挑战。新型靶向治疗和免疫治疗显示出改善患者结局
的潜力，但仍需进一步研究以优化治疗策略并开发新的治疗方法。
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