结直肠癌早期诊断的进展与挑战
摘要
至关重要。目前，结肠镜检查作为金标准在临床上广泛应用，但其侵入性和高成本限制了普及率。粪便隐血试验和
CT结肠成像作为辅助手段，虽提供了非侵入性选项，但在灵敏度和特异性上仍存在不足。随着医学技术的发展，液
体活检、人工智能（AI）在影像分析中的应用、以及基因组学和表观遗传学的研究，为结直肠癌的早期诊断带来了
新的可能性。这些新兴技术展现了提高筛查准确性、非侵入性和可操作性的潜力，尤其是液体活检和AI技术，它们
在实时监测肿瘤的进展和治疗反应中显示出优异的应用前景。然而，这些技术的高成本、技术成熟度以及数据隐私
和伦理问题是目前面临的主要挑战。未来，结直肠癌筛查技术的发展趋势将朝向更精准、更个性化和综合性的方向
发展，通过国际合作和多学科协作，推动新技术的标准化和普及，从而实现早期诊断的优化和筛查范围的扩大。本
综述旨在提供当前结直肠癌早期诊断技术的进展，探讨其挑战，并展望未来的发展方向。
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