小胶质细胞与阿尔茨海默病性别差异研究进展
摘要
其中小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞发挥重要作用。小胶质细胞通过识别并清除淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)斑
块等病理性产物,维持神经系统稳态。研究发现,小胶质细胞的功能存在显著的性别差异,特别是在吞噬能力和炎
症调节方面。这些性别差异为理解AD的性别特异性发病机制和发展个性化治疗策略提供了重要线索。针对男性患者
小胶质细胞吞噬功能较弱的特点,未来可以开发增强吞噬活性的疗法,而针对女性患者则可能需要避免过度激活导
致的炎症损伤。然而,当前研究存在激素调节复杂性、动态时空变化及疾病阶段差异等局限性,未来需要更深入和
系统的研究以揭示这些机制。
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