烧伤合并吸入性损伤的治疗及预测因素的研究进展

孙 永霞, 晁生 武*
青海大学附属医院

摘要


吸入性损伤在烧伤患者中较为常见，是烧伤患者三大死亡原因之一。吸入性损伤会增加严重并发症和死亡
的风险。既往在吸入性损伤的诊断和治疗上已经积累了丰富的临床经验，但是对于一些新的循证学证据及诊疗措
施的认识仍十分有限。本文讨论了新的治疗策略[如气管插管、机械通气、纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗、体外膜肺氧合
（ECMO）支持等]及预测因素[如预测烧伤患者吸入性损伤的机器学习方法、预测吸入性损伤的严重程度、预测吸
入性损伤及肺炎的风险、预测吸入性损伤患者的死亡率等]，总结了针对吸入性损伤治疗和预测因素的新的综合方案
以及循证学证据。吸入性损伤的救治是多方面、多学科的综合诊疗，深入探讨诊疗的新原则与新策略对于提高救治
水平具有重要的临床意义。

关键词


烧伤；吸入性损伤；呼吸支持；预测因素

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参考


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