带状疱疹发病风险因素的综合分析

张 佳凯1, 郭 砚*2
1、青海大学
2、青海大学附属医院皮肤科

摘要


带状疱疹（HZ）是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）再激活引发的全球性公共卫生挑战，其发病率随年龄增长呈指数级上升，尤其在老年及免疫功能受损人群中显著。本综述系统性分析了HZ的流行病学特征及多维风险因素。全球数据显示，50岁以上人群年发病率达4-12/1000人，女性发病率较男性高20%-50%，免疫功能抑制、慢性疾病（如糖尿病、心血管疾病）、心理压力及特殊药物暴露（如JAK抑制剂）是重要风险因素。风险因素间存在显著交互作用：年龄与免疫衰老协同放大病毒再激活风险，慢性疾病与药物治疗形成叠加效应，心理压力在女性中呈现剂量反应趋势。重组带状疱疹疫苗（RZV）对HZ及后遗神经痛（PHN）的预防效力超过90%，但全球接种率受限于认知不足及经济障碍。特殊人群需个体化干预策略，如免疫功能抑制者优先接种RZV、急性期抗病毒治疗降低并发症风险。未来需加强风险因素交互机制研究，优化疫苗接种策略以应对老龄化社会挑战。

关键词


带状疱疹；重组带状疱疹疫苗；疫苗接种策略

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参考


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