老年人群2型糖尿病患者认知功能障碍的研究进展

唐 艳姣1, 刘军 莉*2
1、青海大学
2、青海大学附属医院老年医学科

摘要


2型糖尿病（T2DM）与认知功能障碍之间的关联已成为全球研究的热点。T2DM患者，尤其是老年人群，认知功能障碍的发病率显著高于非糖尿病人群。流行病学数据显示，65-74岁糖尿病患者中认知功能障碍的发病率为13%，而75岁以上患者则高达24%。在中国，老年糖尿病患者的认知障碍患病率高达48%。T2DM患者的痴呆风险比健康人群高1.6倍，尤其是血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的发病率显著增加。T2DM相关认知功能障碍的病理机制复杂，涉及胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症、血管病变、代谢紊乱和基因分子调控等多个系统交互作用。这些因素共同导致神经元损伤、突触功能丧失和脑血流灌注减少。临床管理面临挑战，缺乏特异性治疗药物，且现有降糖药物对认知功能的影响存在争议。未来研究需进一步揭示病理机制，开发早期生物标志物，并探索多学科协作的精准管理策略。

关键词


老年人群；2型糖尿病；认知功能障碍

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参考


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