直肠癌根治术术后并发症的发生进展及预防策略

马 冰洋1, 马新 福*2
1、青海大学研究生院
2、青海大学附属医院胃肠肿瘤外科

摘要


直肠癌是消化道系统高发的恶性肿瘤,手术治疗是其关键性的根治手段。当前,直肠癌根治术(如低位前切除术、腹会阴联合切除术及其改良术式)存在早期及晚期并发症风险,可能影响患者短期恢复、功能状态及肿瘤治疗效果,且多数并发症的严重程度评估存在困难。常见并发症包括吻合口瘘、肠梗阻、肠粘连、切口感染等,均对手术疗效构成影响。手术并发症不仅可能削弱近期手术效果、加重患者负担与费用、延长住院周期,还可能对长期生存质量产生不利的影响。因此,系统的掌握直肠癌手术常见并发症及其处理策略,对减少并发症发生、减轻其不良影响、提升手术疗效具有重要的意义。本文基于近期临床指南与系统评价进行叙述性综述,重点探讨直肠癌术后主要并发症的发生率、危险因素、预防措施、早期识别及临床管理。

关键词


直肠癌;吻合口漏(AL);术后肠梗阻(IO);泌尿/性功能障碍以及造口相关问题

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参考


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