结直肠癌术后肺部感染的危险因素分析及风险模型的构建与验证

张 欣妍, 杨惠 莲*
青海大学医学部公共卫生系

摘要


目的:探讨结直肠癌患者术后发生肺部感染的独立危险因素,建立并验证个体化预测的列线图模型。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,收集2019年6月至2024年6月期间青海省某三甲医院行结直肠癌术后的932例患者的临床资料,依据术后是否发生肺部感染分为感染组(63例)与非感染组(869例)。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选肺部感染的独立影响因素,并以此构建列线图预测模型。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、校准曲线以及决策曲线分析(DCA)对模型的区分能力、校准水平和临床实用价值进行综合评价。结果:单因素分析结果表明,吸烟史、糖尿病、术前化疗、手术切口长度、术中输血量、引流管留置时间及C反应蛋白与术后肺部感染显著相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,吸烟史(OR=2.629,95%CI:1.437~4.803)、糖尿病(OR=5.534,95%CI:2.913~10.467)、术前化疗(OR=4.336,95%CI:2.291~8.122)、手术切口长度(OR=1.096,95%CI:1.007~1.187)以及引流管留置时间(OR=1.136,95%CI:1.090~1.188)是肺部感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。所构建的列线图模型在训练队列中ROC曲线下面积为0.816(95%CI:0.753~0.879);校准曲线提示预测风险与实际风险一致性良好;决策曲线分析显示,在20%~90%的阈值概率范围内,该模型具备较好的临床适用性。结论:吸烟史、糖尿病、术前化疗、手术切口长度和引流管留置时间为结直肠癌术后发生肺部感染的独立危险因素,基于上述变量构建的列线图模型具有较好的预测准确性、校准能力及临床推广价值。

关键词


结直肠癌;肺部感染;Logistic回归;列线图

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参考


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