外泌体在肝纤维化治疗中的研究进展

庞 妍
上海理工大学公利医院医疗技术学院

摘要


本文综述了间充质基质细胞来源外泌体在肝纤维化治疗中的最新研究进展。文章首先概述了肝纤维化作为
全球性健康挑战的严峻现状及其以肝星状细胞活化、细胞外基质过度沉积为核心的病理机制。重点阐述了外泌体作
为一种极具前景的“无细胞治疗”载体，凭借其低免疫原性、良好生物相容性及跨越生物屏障的能力，通过递送特
异性miRNA等活性物质，实现抑制肝星状细胞活化、诱导其铁死亡或凋亡、调控巨噬细胞极化及干扰TGF-β等多
条促纤维化通路的多重治疗机制。为克服天然外泌体靶向性不足等临床转化瓶颈，综述进一步强调了工程化改造的
关键作用，包括通过表面修饰靶向配体、高效载药以及与可降解水凝胶等新型递送系统结合，显著提升了治疗的精
准性与效能，并以TCMExos、HA-mExo-FA等创新研究为例加以说明。最后，文章指出未来在规模化生产、机制
深度解析及临床验证等方面仍面临挑战，但经过工程化设计的外泌体无疑为开发能够逆转肝纤维化的下一代疗法提
供了革命性的策略与希望。

关键词


肝纤维化；外泌体；工程化外泌体；炎症

全文:

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参考


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