肿瘤微环境中三级淋巴结构形成的新机制:线粒体炎症途径
摘要
后于非淋巴组织中形成。在正常生理状态下,人体内并不存在TLSs,但当发生慢性炎症(如自身免疫性疾病、慢性
感染或肿瘤)时,其便会生成。肿瘤组织中TLSs的形成通常与肿瘤更佳的预后及免疫治疗效果密切相关。然而,尽
管TLSs被认为具有重要临床价值,但其在肿瘤中的形成机制,目前仍不完全清楚。线粒体是细胞内固有免疫通路的
枢纽,线粒体转录因子A(TFAM)下调介导的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)应激,可通过cGAS-STING通路激活I型干
扰素反应。本综述创新性地提出并系统论证了一个连接细胞器应激与适应性免疫结构的全新假说:膀胱癌肿瘤细胞
中TFAM的表达下调,可通过诱导线粒体DNA应激,激活cGAS-STING-I型干扰素信号轴,进而驱动瘤内TLS的
形成。本文系统梳理了TLS的抗肿瘤功能、TFAM-mtDNA应激的免疫激活机制及I型干扰素在TLS形成中的核心作
用,从而构建了“TFAM下调-mtDNA应激-cGAS-STING-I型干扰素-TLS形成”’这一理论通路的逻辑框架。
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