浮膝损伤的临床特点综述
摘要
伤，其核心病理改变是膝关节段与远近骨折端失去力学连续性，呈“漂浮”状态。此类损伤机制复杂，绝非两处简
单骨折的相加，其常伴发严重的软组织毁损、血管神经损伤及其他部位合并伤，致残率高，治疗策略极具挑战性[1]。
本文旨在基于近期国内外文献，从流行病学特征、损伤分型系统的演进、诊断评估要点、治疗策略的优化与争议以
及功能预后影响因素等方面，系统综述浮膝损伤的研究进展。综合分析表明，浮膝损伤的伤情复杂多样，精准的早
期评估与多学科协作、遵循损伤控制原则下的个体化手术方案（如髓内钉固定技术的优选与时序）、以及针对深部感
染、膝关节僵硬等并发症的积极防治是改善患者远期预后的关键[2]。新兴的预后分型系统（如Meccariello分型）为临
床决策和预后判断提供了超越传统解剖分型的多维工具[3]。未来研究需进一步聚焦于微创技术的标准化、加速康复
流程的优化以及基于大数据的长期功能结局研究。
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