从免疫荒漠到精准应答：肿瘤免疫微环境综述

冯 年年
成都中医药大学临床学院

摘要


肿瘤免疫治疗已成为继手术、放疗、化疗和分子靶向治疗之后的重要治疗范式，但不同患者对免疫治疗的
应答差异显著，且原发耐药与继发耐药普遍存在。越来越多的证据表明，决定免疫治疗成败的关键并不仅在于肿瘤
细胞本身的基因突变谱，更取决于肿瘤免疫微环境（tumor immune microenvironment，TIME）。本文围绕TIME的核
心组成、免疫治疗相关调控机制、临床转化价值及未来研究方向进行系统综述，重点讨论从“冷肿瘤”向“热肿瘤”
转化、从经验用药向精准分层过渡的研究进展，以期为肿瘤免疫治疗优化和个体化决策提供参考。

关键词


肿瘤免疫微环境；免疫治疗；免疫检查点抑制剂；免疫重塑；精准医学

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