多重病原体靶向测序技术对肺结核疑似病例的诊断效能评估
摘要
致诊断延迟。本研究旨在前瞻性评估并比较多重病原体靶向测序技术(tNGS)与传统方法(痰涂片、支气管肺泡灌
洗液涂片)在肺结核疑似病例中的诊断效能。研究纳入50例符合影像学标准的疑似患者,同步进行三次痰涂片、一
次灌洗液涂片及一次灌洗液tNGS检测,以复合临床标准(包括培养、活检或诊断性治疗有效)为金标准。结果显
示,在最终确诊的45例患者中,tNGS的确诊率为88.9%(40/45),显著高于痰涂片的33.3%(15/45)和灌洗液涂片
的48.9%(22/45)(p<0.001),且特异性达100%(5/5)。此外,tNGS在24%(12/50)的患者中检出其他病原体,提
示混合感染可能。结论表明,基于支气管肺泡灌洗液的tNGS技术相比传统涂片法具有更高的敏感性和特异性,能显
著提升肺结核、尤其是涂阴病例的诊断率,并有助于识别共感染,为早期精准诊疗提供依据。未来研究需扩大样本
并整合耐药基因分析,以进一步验证其临床转化价值。
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