毒蛇咬伤局部组织坏死结局影响因素研究进展

李 文涛
右江民族医学院附属医院临床医学院

摘要


毒蛇咬伤是热带和亚热带农村地区被忽视的公共卫生问题，在我国也有较高的致死、致残率，其引发的局部组织坏死是血循毒和混合毒类毒蛇咬伤的严重并发症。本文回顾了毒蛇咬伤致局部组织坏死的相关研究进展，分析了常见致局部组织坏死的蛇种及蛇毒类型对局部组织的作用，阐述了毒学和细胞学机制，包括蛇毒酶破坏组织、炎症反应过度激活、细胞凋亡与坏死、微循环障碍等。介绍了早期剧烈疼痛、肿胀和晚期组织坏死、溃疡、感染等临床表现及不同临床干预的影响，还探讨了新型抗蛇毒药物研发、基因治疗等最新治疗方法及策略。目前临床干预手段各有利弊，未来应致力于开发更精准快速的诊断技术，加速新型治疗方法的临床转化，完善综合治疗策略，以提升毒蛇咬伤的救治水平，降低致残率和死亡率。

关键词


毒蛇咬伤；局部组织坏死；蛇毒类型；临床干预；治疗策略

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参考


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